At the heart of this course is a single question. How did gendered identities change between the 18th century and the 20th century? Building on this central question of change over time, this course will examine a wide range of scholarship from the past two decades. The course will explore the many ways in which women have impacted the history of the modern Middle East. The course will be organized around thematic concepts including labor history, legal history, education, revolution and nationalism.